The sonogram is invaluable as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in the assessment of the ovary, uterus and fallopian tubes. It is also essential to the success of ovulation induction techniques as well as other more advanced infertility treatments. Imaging with ultrasound has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of a score of gynecological disorders. For example, the lemon-size cyst in the right ovary (red arrow, A) could represent an internal ovarian hemorrhage, ovarian cancer, endometriosis or a simple cyst containing hormone-rich water. The follow-up picture of the same ovary six weeks later (B) shows complete resolution of the abnormality. This is confirmation that the mass was nothing more than a simple cyst.

A healthy ovary (green arrow) is equipped to readily resolve such a problem over a relatively short period of time without medical intervention. One can also see small follicles in image B – a good prognostic sign regarding future fertility. It was not very long ago that some clinicians might have recommended a major operation seeking the definitive diagnosis of a palpable pelvic mass.